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Table 1 BTI methodology to treat CIH: guidance, number, and local of injections

From: Botulinum toxin abdominal wall injection and post-omphalocele ventral hernia repair: database and proposal of a protocol

Author

Method

Number of injections/side

Local of injections

Distribution

Ibarra-Hurtado et al. 2009 [17]

EMG guided

5

EOM

AAL (2), MAL (3)

Ibarra-Hurtado et al. 2014 [13]

US guided

5

Inter muscular: EOM-IOM

AAL (2), MAL (3)

Elstner et al. 2016 [19]

US guided

3

EOM – IOM - TAM

AAL (3), next to the 9th rib (1), next to the anterior iliac crest (1)

Chavez-Tostado et al. 2014 [7]

Without real time image guiding

5

IOM

AAL (3), next to the 9th rib (1), next to the anterior iliac crest (1)

Rodriguez-Acevedo et al. 2018 [4]

US guided

5

EOM – IOM - TAM

AAL (3), next to the 9th rib (1), next to the anterior iliac crest (1)

Nielsen et al. 2019 [12]

US guided

5

EOM – IOM - TAM

AAL (3), next to the 9th rib (1), next to the anterior iliac crest (1)

Zielinski et al. 2013 [14]

US guided

3

EOM – IOM - TAM

AAL (2), MAL (3)