Patent urachus and bladder outflow obstruction—chance or consequence? A study of a cohort of patients with complete patent urachus presenting to a tertiary urological center and a review of literature

Taher, Heba; Ramnarine, Sharmila; Smeulders, Naima; Desai, Divyesh; Mushtaq, Imran; Cuckow, Peter; Cherian, Abraham

doi:10.1186/s43159-020-00069-1

Annals of Pediatric Surgery

Table 1 Patients with patent urachus associated with/without BOO showing antenatal US findings, associated anomalies, management, and outcomes. Outcome after surgery of the PU as it is. In the patients with another pathology associated, the outcome includes renal function

From: Patent urachus and bladder outflow obstruction—chance or consequence? A study of a cohort of patients with complete patent urachus presenting to a tertiary urological center and a review of literature

Diagnosis	BOO	Antenatal us findings	Associated anomalies	Management	Outcome
Sacrococcygeal teratoma	Present	Sacrococcygeal teratoma	Bilateral hydronephrosis/neuropathic bladder and bowel	Indwelling catheter	Good renal function, incontinence fecal, and urinary due to neuropathy
Atretic posterior urethra	Present	Normal (1987)	Fallot tetralogy/bilateral hydronephrosis/left undescended testes	Cystofix > vesicostomy > final repair	Good renal function, resolution of upper renal tract dilatation
Atretic anterior urethra/PBS	Present	Normal (1983)	Prune belly syndrome/bilateral VUR/bilateral undescended testes	Vesicostomy > mitrofanoff + augmentation	CKD stage 2 Hypertension
Urethral hypoplasia	Present	Cord cyst Left hydronephrosis and megacystis	VACTERL/left VUR in dysplastic left kidney	Vesicostomy	CKD stage 2
Exomphalos	Absent	Bladder exstrophy or patent urachus or exomphalos	Exomphalos	Repair of exomphalos and closure of PU	Good
PU	Absent	Normal	Right grade III VUR	PU excision and antibiotics	Good
PU	Absent	Cord cysts	Right duplex kidney with VUR into the lower moiety	PU excision and antibiotics	Good
PU	Absent	Normal	Proteus syndrome/hemangioma left testes	PU excision	Good
PU	Absent	Not available		PU excision	Good + keloid
PU	Absent	Cord cyst		PU excision	Good + protuberant umbilicus
PU	Absent	Cord cyst		PU excision	Good
PU	Absent	Omphalocele		PU excision	Good
PU	Absent	Normal		PU excision	Good
MCMA twin and urogenital sinus	Absent	Conjoint twin	Two hemivaginal openings at introitus	Excision of PU and ileostomy	Good renal function
PU	Absent	Normal	Hemangioma on scalp	PU excision	Good
PU	Absent	Not available		PU excision	Good

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