Effect of parental presence on anxiety during induction of anaesthesia in children undergoing elective day case surgery

Annals of Pediatric Surgery

Table 4 Comparison of proportion of children and parents with anxiety

Subjects	Time	Anxiety	PPIA	Parental absence	Test statistic (χ²; P value)
All children	Baseline	No	44	39	1.772; 0.287
	Baseline	Yes	6	11	1.772; 0.287
	Separation	No	26	24	0.160; 0.842
	Separation	Yes	24	26	0.160; 0.842
	Induction	No	11	7	1.084; 0.436
	Induction	Yes	39	43	1.084; 0.436
Parents	Baseline	No	5	1	2.837; 0.204
	Baseline	Yes	45	49	2.837; 0.204
	Separation	No	4	2	0.709; 0.678
	Separation	Yes	46	48	0.709; 0.678
	Induction	No	6	3	1.099; 0.487
	Induction	Yes	44	47	1.099; 0.487