Table 1 Patients’ presentation, imaging findings, laboratory findings, management and prognosis of cases published in the last 10 years
Author, year | Patient | Clinical manifestations | Laboratory work up | Radiological features | Treatment | Follow-up |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abu-Zaid et al. (2013) [13] | 16-year-old | 3-month history of a pelviabdominal mass, acne, hirsutism, and menstrual irregularities | Increased total serum levels of testosterone (T), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and CA-125 | US: intraperitoneal ascites and extremely huge well-vascularized mass with cystic and solid components, mostly arising from left ovary CT: huge, intraperitoneal, complex, cystic, and multilocular lesion, extending from pelvis up to mid-abdomen just above umbilicus, collectively measuring 13.5 × 23.3 × 21.5 cm | Left unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, omentectomy, and appendectomy | A postoperative 3-month follow-up failed to show any evidence of recurrence |
Cabrera-Cantu et al. (2014) [15] | 12-year-old girl | Acute abdominal pain with no other clinical manifestations | US: semisolid mass 8.0 × 6.0 × 6.4 cm with cystic areas CT: well-defined 7.4 × 9.5 cm cystic-solid tumor with small irregular areas of necrosis | Lactic dehydrogenase, alpha-fetoprotein, chorionic gonadotropin and carcinoembryonic antigen were normal | A unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was done by laparoscopy | Follow-up of 2 months: no complications Follow-up of 1 year: no recurrence |
Sarkar et al. (2021) [8] | Case 1: 2-year-old | Abdominal pain and distension | Ultrasonography followed by CT: large cystic lesion with septa measuring 17.0 cm across, compressing the adjacent gut loops suggestive of a large mesenteric cyst | Increased serum level of CA-125 | Exploratory laparotomy revealed right ovarian mass. Excision of the right ovarian mass with an intact capsule | NA |
Case 2: 2-year-old | 3-month history of abdominal pain | US: pelvis mass measuring 8.0 cm across lying just above the uterus | Beta-hCG, alpha-fetoprotein, and CA-125 levels were within normal limits | Exploratory laparotomy with resection of left ovarian mass with intact capsule | The patient is doing well on a follow-up of 3 years | |
Turkyilmaz et al. (2016) [16] | 8-year-old | Huge mass and pain in the lower abdomen | US and CT: solid cystic mass about 24 × 17 × 12 cm in size arising from the subhepatic region to the pelvic area, with multiple thick septations in the cystic lesion | The level of serum CA125 was increased | Exploratory laparotomy and removal of the mass by right salpingo-oophorectomy | Recurrence of the tumor after 10 months of the first operation |
Gómez-Peñaloza et al. (2018) [17] | 11-year-old | Palpable mass in the left iliac fossa with clinical characteristics of virilization | US: Well-defined solid–cystic lesion of 102 × 88 × 62 mm with limited vascularity CT: right ovarian lesion with characteristics similar to those found on ultrasound, displacing intestinal loops and partially compressing the right ureter | Slightly increased level of testosterone | A unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed | Twenty-nine months later, a new abdominal mass was discovered; a salpingo-oophorectomy was performed and a second SLCT, poorly differentiated was diagnosed |
Present case | 1-year-old | Breast enlargement, pubic hair with intermittent painless vaginal bleeding with retroperitoneal mass | US: ovarian mass, CT: solid right ovarian tumor with small irregular areas of necrosis and displacing the intestinal loops. | Increased level of testosterone, alpha-fetoprotein, estradiol and beta HCG | Laparoscopic assisted removal of right ovarian mass | Uneventful |