Fig. 1

Three cases with abnormal communication between the lower urinary tract and the anus (the so-called Y-type urethral duplication). a–c The hypoplastic penile urinary meatus in the three cases and their corresponding cystograms (d, e, and f, respectively). UB, urinary bladder; thin white arrow: patent orthotopic posterior urethra; thick white arrow: accessory uro-anal tract. Note that the cystogram was performed via suprapubic route in d and e, while the study was performed via accessory anal tract in f. Also, note that the accessory anal tract commonly originates from orthotopic posterior urethra (e and f), while it originated directly from the urinary bladder in the first case (d)